Battle of Charleroi in World War I

The Battle of Charleroi was fought August 21-23, 1914, during the opening days of World War I (1914-1918) and was part of a series of engagements collectively known as the Battle of the Frontiers (August 7-September 13, 1914). With the start of World War I, the armies of Europe began mobilizing and moving towards the front. In Germany, the army commenced implementing a modified version of the Schlieffen Plan. The Schlieffen Plan Conceived by Count Alfred von Schlieffen in 1905, the plan was designed for a two-front war against France and Russia. Following their easy victory over the French in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War, Germany saw France as less of a threat than its larger neighbor to the east. As a result, Schlieffen sought to mass the bulk of Germanys military might against France with the goal of winning a quick victory before the Russians could fully mobilize their army. With France eliminated, Germany would be able to focus their attention to the east (Map). Predicting that France would attack across the border into Alsace and Lorraine, which had been ceded following the earlier conflict, the Germans intended to violate the neutrality of Luxembourg and Belgium to attack the French from the north in a large-scale battle of encirclement. German troops were to defend along the border while the right wing of the army swept through Belgium and past Paris in an effort to crush the French army.   French Plans In the years prior to the war, General Joseph Joffre, Chief of the French General Staff, moved to update his nations war plans for a conflict with Germany. Though he initially desired to create a plan that had French forces attack through Belgium, he was later unwilling to violate that nations neutrality. Instead, he and his staff designed Plan XVII which called for French troops to mass along the German border and mount attacks through the Ardennes and into Lorraine. Armies Commanders: French General Charles LanrezacFifth Army Germans General Karl von  Bà ¼low  General Max von HausenSecond Third Armies Early Fighting With the beginning of the war, the Germans aligned the First through Seventh Armies, north to south, to execute the Schlieffen Plan. Entering Belgium on August 3, First and Second Armies drove back the small Belgian Army but were slowed by the need to reduce the fortress city of Liege.   Receiving reports of German activity in Belgium, General Charles Lanrezac, commanding the Fifth Army at the northern end of the French line, alerted Joffre that the enemy was advancing in unexpected strength.   Despite Lanrezacs warnings, Joffre moved forward with Plan XVII and an attack into Alsace.   This and a second effort in Alsace and Lorraine were both pushed back by the German defenders (Map).      To the north, Joffre had planned to launch an offensive with the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Armies but these plans were overtaken by events in Belgium. On August 15, after lobbying from Lanrezac, he directed Fifth Army north into the angle formed by the Sambre and Meuse Rivers. Hoping to gain the initiative, Joffre ordered Third and Fourth Armies to attack through the Ardennes against Arlon and Neufchateau.   Advancing on August 21, they encountered the German Fourth and Fifth Armies and were badly defeated. As the situation along the front developed, Field Marshal Sir John Frenchs British Expeditionary Force (BEF) disembarked and began assembling at Le Cateau.   Communicating with the British commander, Joffre requested that French to cooperate with Lanrezac on the left. Along the Sambre Responding to Joffres order to move north, Lanrezac positioned his Fifth Army south of the Sambre extending from the Belgian fortress city of Namur in the east to just past the mid-size industrial town of Charleroi in the west. His I Corps, led by General Franchet dEsperey, extended the right south behind the Meuse. To his left, the cavalry corps of General Jean-Franà §ois Andrà © Sordet linked Fifth Army to Frenchs BEF.   On August 18, Lanrezac received additional instructions from Joffre directing him to attack north or east depending upon the enemys location. Seeking to locate General Karl von  Bà ¼lows Second Army, Lanrezacs cavalry moved north of the Sambre but were unable to penetrate the German cavalry screen.   Early on August 21, Joffre, increasingly aware of the size of German forces in Belgium, directed Lanrezac to attack when opportune and arranged for the BEF to provide support. On the Defensive Though he received this directive, Lanrezac adopted a defensive position behind the Sambre but failed to establish heavily-defended bridgeheads north the river. Additionally, due to poor intelligence regarding the bridges over the river, several were left completely undefended. Attacked later in the day by the lead elements of Bà ¼lows army, the French were pushed back over the river. Though ultimately held, the Germans were able to establish positions on the south bank. Bà ¼low assessed the situation and requested that General Freiherr von Hausens Third Army, operating to east, join in the attack on Lanrezac with the goal of executing a pincer. Hausen agreed to strike west the next day.   On the morning of August 22, Lanrezacs corps commanders, on their own initiative, launched attacks north in an effort to throw the Germans back over the Sambre. These proved unsuccessful as nine French divisions were unable to dislodge three German divisions. The failure of these attacks cost Lanrezac high ground in the area while a gap between his army and Fourth Army began to open on his right (Map).   Responding, Bà ¼low renewed his drive south with three corps without waiting for Hausen to arrive. As the French resisted these assaults, Lanrezac withdrew dEspereys corps from the Meuse with the intent of using it to strike Bà ¼lows left flank on August 23. Holding through the day, the French again came under attack the next morning. While the corps to the west of Charleroi was able to hold, those to the east in the French center, despite mounting an intense resistance, began to fall back.   As I Corps moved into position to strike  Bà ¼lows flank, the lead elements of Hausens army began crossing the Meuse.   A Desperate Situation Recognizing the dire threat this posted, dEsperey counter-marched his men towards their old positions.   Engaging Hausens troops, I Corps checked their advance but could not push them back across the river. As night fell, Lanrezacs position was increasingly desperate as a Belgian division from Namur had retreated into his lines while Sordets cavalry, which had reached a state of exhaustion, needed to be withdrawn. This opened a 10-mile gap between Lanrezacs left and the British. Further west, Frenchs BEF had fought the  Battle of Mons. A tenacious defensive action, the engagement around Mons had seen the British inflict heavy losses on the Germans before being forced to give ground. By late afternoon, French had ordered his men to begin falling back. This exposed Lanrezacs army to greater pressure on both flanks. Seeing little alternative, he began making plans to withdraw south.   These were quickly approved by Joffre. In the fighting around Charleroi, the Germans sustained around 11,000 casualties while the French incurred approximately 30,000. Aftermath: Following the defeats at Charleroi and Mons, French and British forces began a long, fighting retreat south towards Paris. Holding actions or failed counterattacks were conducted at Le Cateau (August 26-27) and St. Quentin (August 29-30), while Mauberge fell September 7 after a brief siege. Creating a line behind the Marne River, Joffre prepared to make a stand to save Paris. Stabilizing the situation, Joffre began the First Battle of the Marne on September 6 when a gap was found between the German First and Second Armies. Exploiting this, both formations were soon threatened with destruction.   In these circumstances, the German Chief of Staff, Helmuth von Moltke, suffered a nervous breakdown. His subordinates assumed command and ordered a general retreat to the Aisne River.

Should The Federal Government Should Allow Free College...

In order to have a decent job it is believed that one must attend college and submerge with a degree. It is exactly why most people in the states pursue higher education, a key component to possess financial security. The task at hand has become a challenging achievement, now more than ever, as a result of skyrocketing tuition cost. It causes students to take out massive loans which, at times, cannot be returned and therefore creating billions in debt for the United States. The idea that student loans are putting this country in massive debt motivates our government to consider granting free tuition for public college. Therefore, leading to this discussion on why the federal government should allow free college tuition and the effects and consequences of doing so. Introducing the Issue According to Dan Lips, (an analyst at the Heritage foundation) tuition and fees of public colleges have had over a 125% increase since 1986. This is the direct result of government subsidies that try to make college â€Å"affordable†. Doing more harm than good, these subsidies have been giving power to colleges and universities so that they could raise tuition every year because these institutions have few reasons to keep cost low to attract students. Therefore, students must now take on hefty loans in order to pay for higher education. Now, close to two thirds of students graduate with student debt. Over 10% of graduates are found unemployed and even more are found under employed with massiveShow MoreRelatedBarack Obama s New College Compact, And How The Compact Will Alleviate The Cost Barriers2157 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction College tuition has increased throughout the past decade, with little change on making the costs more affordable. With the recession state spending on higher education has decreased by 20 percent, and colleges have raised tuition, passing the costs onto students and their families. 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Table of Contents The Madoff Affair†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Early Life and Career†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreDownsizing7053 Words   |  29 Pagesand | |their ability to achieve sustained commercial success. Among the significant developments: | |Downsizing Goes Global. The combination of industry restructuring, regional economic fluctuations, the spread of free | |enterprise, and shifting market demand has led to downsizing and layoffs in all parts of the globe. 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A Proposal on Knowledge Management

Question: Discuss about A Proposal on Knowledge Management. Answer: Introduction: A report is to be prepared on Knowledge Management. It is to be noted that knowledge management is to extract the optimal knowledge from the resources the organisation possesses. On the organisational front, knowledge management is very well connected with the idea of intellectual capital(Hislop, 2013). The intellectual capital consists of Human Capital, Structural Capital and Social Capital. The human capital are expressed by the level of education, skills, expertise and attitude. The structural capital consisted of brand names, system and processes and sorts of management philosophy. The social capital is concerned with the relationship of the organisation with that of its customer, partners, employees and other stakeholders(Holsapple, 2013). The subject would be well understood if cited from an organisational aspect. To do so the instance of the Central Bank of Oman would be taken. The effective handling of the knowledge management, its usage and relevance with respect to the afor esaid organisation would be discussed. Background Knowledge is one of the most competitive resources and is concerned with the development as well as cultivation of systems which enable a company to improve, distribute, detect as well as leverage the assets of knowledge. 21st century is the era of knowledge and in order to progress, knowledge would play an inevitable part. So applies for the organisational progress of the Central Bank of Oman, knowledge management is very much essential as it takes into account of all the relevant facts to provide an effective platform for the same. Knowledge management (KM) consists of the following steps, which are: Generation of knowledge Sharing knowledge Adaption to knowledge Application of knowledge Creation of new knowledge. It can also be viewed as a process of input and output where the individual knowledge of a person is represented as the input which is then generated, created as well as integrated within the firm whereas the organizational knowledge represents the output (Fuller, 2012). Apart from being just a business of money, banking is also considered to be a business of information. Due to the change in the global environment of business banks are supposed to rationalize their products along with evaluating the part played by knowledge management in the improvement in competitiveness. Management of knowledge is essential in any type of organization including the banking sector. The most significant way which can help banks to create a competitive advantage is by leveraging knowledge. The initiatives for knowledge sharing should focus on the creation of an environment which would promote various cultural factors which incorporates the structures of communication and cohesiveness as well as professional autonomy. The creation of a work context should be emphasised by the banks which is distinguished by greater levels of organizational citizenship. This would result in the formation of mutual social relationships along with increasing the intentions of sharing knowledge. Furthermore, the inception of a knowledge sharing system is ought to aggrandize the knowledge sharing and communication at the workplace, specifically in organizations which are geographically dispersed from the technological viewpoint. Organizations should also focus on creating communities of practice within the workplace since the best way to attain knowledge sharing is through networks of humans. The employees should receive appropriate and adequate feedback from the managers regarding the attai nments of the referring communities (Holsapple, 2013). The sense of self-worth of an individual is enhanced through these actions and the behaviour of knowledge sharing is also motivated. Since the capability of generating new knowledge is highly pertinent to the intellectual capital in the banking sector, the banks should connote their own resilient mechanisms for the creation of knowledge so that ability of knowledge creation is improved. The knowledge creation in banks should be aimed on the sharing and exchange of information. The usual approach which might be adopted by the bank in question may comprise of workshops and brainstorming which team oriented. Expected Deliverables: In terms of knowledge management, the organisations like Central Bank of Oman has to deal with the deliverables of Data, Information and Knowledge. The aforesaid elements are an important part of the organisation as they are the stepping stone for the organisation which exposes them to the world wide open to the arena of the knowledge management. These three elements collaborate as a process to bring up the concept of knowledge management(Liebowitz Frank, 2016). Data Data is termed as the unprocessed facts which are very much required to create for an information(Hislop, 2013). It is the distinct information that needs to be structured in a special way which could be used by the organisation to serve its purpose. In the current scenario, data is stored in the software and programmed to make better use of it. Likewise the Central Bank of Oman has a wide set of diverse data which the organisation process to gain the right information. Information Information is the message which is derived by the interpretation of the data processed by the system(Holsapple, 2013). Information is a valuable resource as it influences the behaviour, decision or an upshot. The main purpose of information is to make for a change, so the change as happens create a value for the organisation. So if the information does not bring any change in the organisational scope, it is considered as valueless. For instance, OMR1000 was granted as a loan amount at an interest rate of 5% by the Central Bank of Oman. This statement gives the information that OMR1000 is the principal amount and 5% is the interest to be charged on the loan amount. KnowledgeKnowledge is to be derived from the information, the way it was derived from the data(Fuller, 2012). It is the fact or information or skill that is to be attained either through learnings or experience. It apparently contributes to the theoretical or practical understanding of the business. In short, knowledge stands to create for an awareness. Again, it is the knowledge that Central Bank of Oman is granting loan against an interest. Potential Risk: Knowledge management could pose problem to an organisation. Though the concept is utterly helpful to the organisation still it could be problematic as it might happen that the employees could not be ready to handle the data effectively and might stay away from it. This is because it needs the staff to upgrade their knowledge and for that they need to undergo rigorous training as required by the organisation. This kind of situation could be found everywhere. This problem is quite evident in case of a financial organisation like that of the Central Bank of Oman. This is because owing to a dynamic business situation, the financial market and mechanism are up for change at any moment. So the bankers has to keep them abreast with the latest information and knowledge to give their customers the best of service(Hislop, 2013). It is the situation where the employees does not seem to upgrade their knowledge or skills. But the same is quite important for the organisation to implement for its growth and to do so it needs the employees to be skilled of the latest technology or knowledge as the situation demands for. So the continuous updating of knowledge is a big challenge that the Central Bank of Oman counter. Approach to the Solution: Knowledge management should make for an initiative on its part to make the organisation and its people come together for a greater good. It is the systematic management of the knowledge of the firm taking into stride the importance of the assets in order to create a value. This is being done to meet the strategic and tactic needs of the organisation. Knowledge management could be a complex scenario but in order to make it acceptable, Central Bank of Oman should make it innovative and easily understandable(Fuller, 2012). It would help the organisational staffs to counter the issue of increasing domain convolution, growing market instability, exaggerated speed to get responses and declining individual experience. Knowledge management is the need of the day and in an emerging economy like Oman, it needs to be given due importance. This is because it is the tool which would give boost to the organisation of the Central Bank of Oman to have a glorious run to its path of progress. The primary aim of knowledge management is to facilitate the operational and functional activities within the organization and in this case the primary importance for the bank would be the implementation of appropriate Knowledge management system structure that would help in eliminating the conflicts as better management framework will be developed (Haines, 2016). It is imperative to develop cultural construction that would help in motivating individuals. There are various initiatives has been undertaken in this context and they are as follows- Managing domain convolution Domain convolutionmanagement is oneof the most emerging issues that has to be carried out with the helpof appropriate techniques and modern technologicalapplications that would help in serving thebest possible functional activities within the organization. Economic instability This refers to the presence of excessive fluctuations in the macro economy due to unemployment rates, inflation, rising prices and consumer confidence issues. It affects the ability of a business to survive along with affecting hugely the cost of living as well as financial, emotional and physical well-being of the consumers and families. Framework and hypothesis of study System quality This refers to the effectiveness, speed, ease and completeness of the function of storage of knowledge management system. In a qualitative study, it has been found that ease of storage encourages people in contributing their knowledge. Hypothesis: the sharing of knowledge to a repository knowledge management system improves with the improvement in the system quality. Service quality The assessment of service quality is done by 5 characteristics: empathy, assurance, responsiveness, training and reliability. It is a significant criterion for the effective deployment of KM system. Hypothesis: the knowledge sharing is improved by a greater service quality to a repository KM system. Management support It signifies the clarification of importance, vision and goals of KMS as well as providing encouragement to the end-users. The acknowledgement and open approval of knowledge exchange by the management diminishes the fear of the individual experts that they would lose their value. Moreover, when employees are provided with the time for knowledge sharing they are encouraged to put effort in it. Management support is extremely crucial to endorse knowledge management along with changing the attitudes of the employees (Haines, 2016). In the Arab culture, managers are considered to be high authority therefore, when they support KMS it instantly boosts the confidence of the employees to share their knowledge. Hypothesis: the knowledge sharing is improved by a greater management support to a repository KM system. Rewards policy Rewards are incentives which might be non-trivial or non-monetary. This is a vital factor since the depth and range of a project in KMS is based on the employee participation for creating and codifying their knowledge for the use of others. Rewards does influences the participants to gather the required knowledge and implement the same in the organisational scope to create for a mutual growth. So by setting a reward policy the organisation could influence its staff to participate in the training and from the staffs side, the rewarding system is a motivational factor which they accept wholeheartedly. Hypothesis: the knowledge sharing is improved by aneffectiverewards policy to a repository KM system. Peers trustworthiness Trust can be described as a set of mutual expectations which are shared by people who are involved in exchange and collaboration. In the context of sharing of knowledge, trust refers to the trustworthiness of the utilizers of knowledge. If the sellers of knowledge are not being paid enough credit by the buyers, the sellers do not get anything. Hence, peers trustworthiness diminishes the fears of the owners and motivates them to share. Hypothesis: the knowledge sharing is improved by peers trustworthiness to a repository KM system. Individual benefits There are various benefits which might be gained by individuals from the contribution of their knowledge to a repository KM system. These benefits are associated with benefits which are tangible such as promotions or increment in long term salary or intangible ones such as performance benefits, autonomy and reputation (Hislop, 2013). By having the requisite knowledge they could be an important asset for the organisation as human resources are the most important resource in the organisational front. So this aspect of the KM should be highlighted to the staff to be a part of the mechanism. Hypothesis: the individual benefits are higher when the knowledge sharing to a repository KM system is higher. Literature review Knowledge sharing process Knowledge sharing process one of the most effective approach that helps in delivering knowledge and guidance to the other employees with the supervision from the primary leaders. With the help of this particular process the available knowledge is shared throughout the member to execute a particular activity in an innovative way that brings several advantages to the organization and also increase the overall reliability. In the word of (), knowledge sharing through repository KMS is primarily referred to a codification and storage process. In this particular case, the repository KMS can be implanted by the manager as it involves data management along with domain facilitation. On the other hand, it will also help in protecting the significant data because in banking sector the data protection is one of the most significant initiatives that have to be done in way that would provide the best system defence. Repository KMS is a traditional process that involve a network model which helps in synchronising all the activities. This particular approach also provides a major support to the organization by delivering organizational memory (OM) that provide articulate knowledge to the organizational members regarding the operational and functional activities and better execution took place. Thu, OM is a remarkable conflict solution process which provides a major platform to the organization members to reapply the workplace knowledge and enlarge the knowledge sharing. The transmission of cultural routines results in adaptation and familiarity of the individual employees within this change management process as it is a major aspects to maintain the quality of service as well as security and safety of data (Haines, 2016). Repository KMS is entirely dependent upon the amount and quality of knowledge which is being structured within the system and there are several social inhibitors are present that provide critical significance to the system. Determinants of knowledge sharing It is evident from various knowledge management studies that the deployment of the concept of knowledge management in a particular organization depends upon several activities and factors which include various social and technical factors that provide critical impact to the knowledge sharing behaviour. Most importantly, the reliable working culture development should be the prime importance that would help in better working framework development along with the effective implementation of knowledge management process. DeLone and Mcleans provide an innovative model in the years of 2003 which is regarded as IS success model. There are some technical factors that may provide critical impact to the information quality, system quality and service quality. However, the organizational culture has to be more reliable and familiar with professional working condition that would helps in better knowledge and data management. Organization culture can be regarded as the combination of value, belie fs and practices that would help in achieving the best possible productivity of the organizations. Motivation is one of the most significant factors that provide crucial impact to the internal stakeholders significantly to the employees because their contribution and hard out make ach of companys goals successful (Liebowitz Frank, 2016). According to Herzberg two factors theory motivational factors helps in better knowledge sharing and, thus, motivational theory implementation along with the knowledge management process would be the most suitable way for the manager particularly in banking sector to maintain the reliable working culture along with enhanced productivity. Therefore, the appropriate management should be carried out according to the need of the organization and the conflicts of knowledge management play a crucial role in streamlining of organizational activities. Barriers to Knowledge Management within Arab Countries The primary reason which has proved as a hindrance in the revelation of knowledge and communication is culture. The main reasons for the deficiency of KM are as follows: Differences in culture and beliefs between the western and Arab nations. The rate of illiteracy is high among the population The availability as well as dependability of technology and communication networks is poor and the investment in RD is lacking. Several political factors such as quitting the country by political dissenters take their knowledge away with them which gives rise to the phenomenon of brain drain. The shortage of skills which is recently being faced in the Arab regions can be regarded to be a prime factor in the lack of successful implementation of knowledge management as many of the employees are not sufficiently trained to effectively implement the practices of knowledge management. In addition to this, differences in culture which are relevant to trust prove that with the context of the Arabian world, knowledge sharing can only be done with individuals by the managers with whom they have established a strong relationship which is based on trust and confidence. The accentuation on personal relationships might prove to be a key obstacle in the formal sharing of knowledge within the organizations. According to the American Productivity and Quality Centre (APQC) 6 emerging strategies for knowledge management have been identified which have been noted down below: Knowledge strategy as business strategy Here knowledge is treated as the product and the strategy is comprehensive and runs throughout the enterprise. Intellectual asset management strategy Here the assets of the company are either exploited or enhanced. Personal knowledge asset responsibility strategy Employees should be encouraged and assisted to develop as well as share their knowledge and skills. Knowledge creation strategy RD should be used to accentuate the innovation as well as creation of the new knowledge. Knowledge transfer strategy In order to improve the efficiency and quality of the operations best practices and knowledge should be transferred. Customer focused knowledge strategy This focuses on understanding the needs of the customers better. Systems Thinking: System thinking is the understanding of the system which studies the connexions and communications between the machineries comprising of the entire defined system (Haines, 2016). The concept of systems thinking is concerned with the thought of how well integrated are the systems and in case of any sort of failure how it could be traced and made up for it. This approach would be very relevant to counter the issues as come across for the Central Bank of Oman(Liebowitz Frank, 2016). The banking system is an integrated process and the components associated could point out the particular lacking in any case if faced by the organisation. Gant chart Knowledge Management Major Activities Start Time End Time Duration (days) Problem Identification 25.06.2016 26.06.2016 1 day Potential risk identification 27.06.2016 29.06.2016 3 days Project development Planning 30.06.2016 2.07.2016 3 days Preliminary development phrase 3.07.2016 6.07.2016 4 days Approach to the solution 7.07.2016 9.07.2016 3 days Managing domain convolution 10.07.2016 11.07.2016 2 days Economic instability management 12.07.2016 14.07.2016 3 days System quality management initiatives 15.07.2016 17.07.2016 3 days Service quality assessment 18.07.2016 20.07.2016 3 days Management support development 21.07.2016 23.07.2016 3 days Finalising the project 24.07.2016 25.07.2016 2 days Recommendation: The situation erupting out of the effective handling of the knowledge management could be done with the initiation of a suitable approach to it. The strategic competitiveness of the knowledge management calls in for the implementation of the systems thinking.It could be applied on the organisational scope of Central Bank of Oman to get the matter rightly settled. It would point out the failure that a particular component might lead to and work out a solution for it. References Fuller, S., 2012. Knowledge management foundations. London: Routledge. Haines, S., 2016. The systems thinking approach to strategic planning and management. London: CRC Press. Hislop, D., 2013. Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. London: Oxford University Press. Holsapple, C. (., 2013. Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters. Vol. 1 ed. London: Springer Science Business Media. Liebowitz, J. Frank, M. (., 2016. Knowledge management and e-learning. London: CRC press.

Ontario Teachers Strike Essays - Ontario, Education,

Ontario Teachers Strike Education is probably the most important resource in our society. The education System determines our future, by educating the youngest segment of our population. For this reason, it should be of great concern when there is a problem or an issue like a Teachers' strike. The Ontario teachers' strike that began on Monday October 27 involves 126,000 teachers and affects 2.1 Million students in the province. This strike is North America's largest, right ahead of the 1975 New York City strike when 60,000 teachers walked off the job . The main issue of debate is over Bill 160, which is all about who holds The Power to set education policy in the province of Ontario. Bill 160 centralizes control of the education system, putting it in the hands of the provincial government. It eliminates the authority of school boards and teachers' unions to set classroom and teaching conditions locally through collective bargaining. The bill allows the government to regulate class sizes, education property tax rates, teachers' preparation time, the amount of time teachers and students spend in school and the use of non-certified instructors. The issue is whether teachers should have a role in educational reform. The strike is illegal, because most of the te! achers have existing contracts. Ontario premier Mike Harris said that reforms are needed to stop a decline in student performance. Although the same government announced that the bill will allow the education ministry to cut 7,000 teaching jobs and up to $700 million from the $14-billion education budget. The strike is not a typical one, because it's not really a labor issue. It's not about teachers fighting a school board over a collective bargaining agreement. It's a strike protesting against the Harris government and Bill 160. While the teachers want to protest Bill 160, they also have an obligation to teach their Students. Many teachers are caught in this dilemma; do you go to the classroom, or do you go to the wall to defend education? Are teachers responsible first and foremost for their students or should they be loyal to the union? Many teachers in Ontario feel that they should be there for their students, although they're Scared To cross the picket line. Eileen Lennon, president of the Ontario Teachers Federation, has said that teachers who cross picket lines won't be sanctioned. However, they might take heat from individual co-workers when they get back on the job. The Teachers feel that they have to show solidarity with the union, or they will be alienate! d. "Parents should be on the alert that their schools may be closed in the very near future," Lennon said. "When we do it, it will be province wide." Union members met with education minister Dave Johnson over changes to Bill 160, although nothing was resolved. Johnson said he was discouraged following a one-hour meeting with representatives of the five major teachers' unions. He said he would not make changes the unions demanded. "I was presented with a list of issues to pull out of Bill 160," Johnson said. "I've been presented with an ultimatum to take these sections out of Bill 160 and further discussions, according to the Ontario Teachers' Federation, are not able to take place until those sections are taken out of the bill." Union leaders said they asked Johnson to remove some provisions that would allow the province to use non-certified teachers in classrooms and to regulate class size, teacher preparation time and the amount of time teachers spend in the classroom. Johnson says the changes are necessary to improve the quality of education. The government and the unions have each spent over 1 million dollars in advertising, trying to win over the support of the people of Ontario. The most recent polls show that the unions have a slight edge over the government as they prepared for the illegal strike. Though the longer the strike lasts, the opinion will shift to the government. "The question is: How long will people put up with the inconvenience in light of the over-arching motives? "Right now, tone and character become extremely important." Opinion on the issue is constantly changing, with a shift of two or three percentage points a day

Travel Essay Trip to the Bahamas Example For Students

Travel Essay Trip to the Bahamas Last Christmas, my cousins and I decided to explore the beautiful islands of the Bahamas. Unbeknownst to some, the Bahamas are comprised of more than one or two islands; in fact, more than than 700 islands make up this island country. Its an archipelago of kind and hospitable people, beautiful and temperate weather and a wide diversity of animals and vegetation. The Bahamas is an true island paradise and is located only 50 miles from the coast of Florida. To ensure a week full of fun, we secured our spot on a Royal Caribbean cruise. The cruise went to Nassau, Grand Bahamas Island, Andros Island and Atlantis. The week was full of warm tranquility and peace. The first thing on my to do list was swim on all beaches and then do the excursions. On the beaches, the sand was pink and the water was an amazing shade of crystal blue. My favorite activity was bonefishing and the shark encounters. I was brave enough to have more than six baby sharks circling around my legs. For twenty dollars I was able to try a warm Johnnycake, drink a medium Bahama Mama and swim with sharks. We will write a custom essay on Travel Trip to the Bahamas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When I reached Atlantis I sat in the famous chair of Gold. On my third day, I kayaked through Andros Island through the cold rain and ate spiny lobster. The hotels compliment the beautiful island. They are just as peaceful and enjoyable. While looking out the window I saw jungle like surroundings and seas. The beautiful turquoise seas are homes to several gracious aquatic animals. The diversity of animals is incredible. You can see anything from the average dog to a dolphin within a few minutes. Colorful red and green birds hum tunes all over the beaches. As you walk into the Nassau blue sea off the white sandy beaches the streams of colors surround you. The schools of orange and yellow fish will swim beneath your stomach. Beautiful flags, signs, and photographers are everywhere. Make sure your always smiling. You might come out in a commercial or pamphlet. We went to the Bahamas right on time for their Junkanoo celebration. Throughout December 26 and January 1st Junkanoo is celebrated. This is a unique street carnival that is held every year. People go to the streets wearing colorful crepe paper while playing the Junkanoo music. You hear energetic rhythm of loud brass and cowbells fused together. People will dance all night and celebrate until the early morning. This cultural tradition lets you embrace who you are. Aside from the events and the people you will also love the Bahamian cuisine. Enjoy fresh seafood caught from the bay or taste some authentic fried conch made on shore. Just dont forget to try the refreshing coconut custard. There are many local fast food restaurants. You can find McDonalds, KFC, and Wendys. In conclusion, anyone should consider the Bahamas as a traveling destination. Glamorous weather, lovely beaches, and thousands of activities make it a luxury. The landscape and the people will make it an unforgettable experience. The simplicity of life that the Bahamas radiates is what makes it so attractive compared to the demanding dull New York I am used to. Like Bob Marleys infamous caribbean theme song, Three Little Birds, every little ting is gonna be alright, YA MAN .

261 Fitzgerald and Babylon Revisited Professor Ramos Blog

261 Fitzgerald and Babylon Revisited F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896 1940) Quick Write There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it. Oscar Wilde F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896 1940) Babylon Revisited (1931) Babylon Revisited: When the money runs out The Telegraph Book trailer for Babylon Revisited

Jurisprudence in Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jurisprudence in Law - Essay Example In a legalist hypotheses cosmos, eschatological issues are always at hand and must always be subject to lawyers as they can themselves never be ultimately determined (Macdonald and Kleinhans 1997, p. 25). Having picked up our eyes up to the sky we face the confrontation of thinking about the interaction of law again, and from where can we discover a methodology to surmount the hypothetical difference lies between law and human contact The legal pluralist project is, certainly, not about paying any attention to differences by counting them under a structural-operational mold that claims to find a solitary justification for the different magnitudes of legal normativity1 (B.Z. Tamanaha 1993, pg. 192). But this keeps away from the predicament of responsibility only by abstaining from (in any case apparently) any grave commitment with normative case. One might ask whether this provides any proper knowledge and information on the nature of law. Somewhat, the objective is to represent legal and social observable facts with respect to each other and in their full opulence and aspects, inquiring and checking conceptions and classes by which legal and societal life are presented as sporadic (D aniel 2001). LegaLegal pluralism has developed as a response to the leading viewpoint of "lawful centralism", explicitly the standpoint that "law is and ought to be the law of the country, uniform for all people, not including all other laws, and managed by a particular set of state bodies" (Griffiths 1986: 3). As vehemently nurturing a pluralistic insight of social existence soaked with diverse normative arrangements, Griffiths espoused an exceptionally colossal reflection of the state itself. The texts on legal pluralism have tendencies to speak the words of social science, as suited in its foundation in anthropology and sociology (Sally Engle 1988). It takes a peripheral standpoint that is concerned with unfolding the way wherein norms build up, set it, and are being relevant in societal contexts. It is concerning with distinguishing the existence and process of those traditions and norms. Establishing the law is conjured up as an issue of attaining information, of discriminating the norms fu nctioning in a social field (Sally Engle 1988). The norms are alleged to be present. The objective of intellectuals is to distinguish and illustrate them. Legal pluralists don't, on the other hand, treat law in the naive way now and then ascribed to the legal theorists: they don't mull over law minimally to be anything board of adjudicators and legal representatives happen to do, as the plain practices that are carried out by lawyers, deprived of all logic of commitment. Diverse pluralists give an explanation for the compulsory force of norms in a different way. Some, like Sally Falk Moore (1978), give emphasis to functionalist details: norms enable inevitability and hence harmonization in human contact; they come out and are continued by the requirement to smooth the progress of societal interaction. Her lawful pluralism has a clearly embittered nature, paying limited concentration to assertions of cultural legitimacy or opinion about 'fair dealing', justice. Actually, she is in general nonchalant with the sources of norms. In her work, the norms have a tendency to be set

Social justice for African American women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social justice for African American women - Essay Example ing the black women criminals,appears far easier than creating a health care system that ensures healthy babies for all citizens†. She argued that, there are two main ‘ingredients that powerful white men have poured into establishing social order.The first pertains to â€Å"the dehumanization of Africans on the basis of race,†and â€Å"the control of women’s sexuality and reproduction† (Rhapsodyinbooks, 2008). Before the feminist movement, according to Roberts the black African women had no rights; they were just slaves to the masters. In fact, the worse was they did not own their body--denied of the right to self-preservation. They were so unfortunate that they just like a chattel--a thing that could be sold. In addition, masters (the white men) would pay $400 and get a young female.The poor black woman would be forced to procreate for the masters.After she was used,the master would then sell her and her three kids for an amount of $4000. Roberts add ed that, â€Å"for slave women procreation had a little to do with liberty†... That was the scenario before, but it seems like the ban of importation of slaves during 1808 did not reach its power and influence in today’s time--United States government enslaves, criminalizes and dehumanizes those who do not compliment to the white men and women. 1.3 Injustice and Inequality Social problems in America still haunt the soul of Black women. Dawson (n.d.) stressed that white women were always praised and often tagged with kind words like industrious, intelligent, and responsible. On the contrary, Black women were dubbed as lazy, ignorant, and shiftless. Despite the provisions enclosed in 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), black women were still treated the way they were before. In addition, this act discriminates the poor black women--it limits their time on aid to a lifetime maximum of five years. Further, it strictly requires single mothers to marry. Those who lived far beyond in their segregated homes would suff er to travel miles of distance just to find livelihood for their children (Rhapsodyinbooks, 2008). 1.4 Assessment Justice requires equality and just treatment--no discrimination and violation of rights. Roberts, in her exemplary work detailed the points how black women were treated as if they were not human and did not exist. She argued that the concept of â€Å"liberty† was just about and for the interest and welfare of the whites only; for those who belong to middle class--that â€Å"liberty† is just concerned on the concept of â€Å"abortion.† Towards the end, she also reiterated that many policy proposals were detrimental to the Americans specially the ‘underestimated’ black women. Her argument

Deism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Deism - Essay Example Moreover, belief in a miraculous and/or mysterious representation of the divine cannot and should not be viewed as something unique to monotheism. As can readily be understood from a cursory examination of the Hindu or Greek pantheon, a direct level of interference on the part of the gods is evidenced throughout the traditions and scriptures that these individual religious interpretations have developed. From such a long and historical/traditional understanding of what defines God/gods, it comes as something of a surprise that the belief system of deism ever came to any prominence whatsoever. As a means of understanding, explaining, defining, and drawing a level of inference with regards to how deism affected, and continues to affect the world in which we live, this brief analysis will seek to engage the reader with a more well-rounded and complete understanding of this belief system; as well as the key factors that contributed to it and the impacts that this particular belief system continues to engender. As with many historical theories and definitions of the world, deism was born out of a particular historical movement and time. In such a manner, within 17th and 18th century Europe, as well as the United States, the Age of Enlightenment was taking place. Within this particular time, the means by which the Catholic and Protestant churches of Europe could control and manage the means by which individuals thought and integrated with new and developing knowledge was severely and indefinitely curtailed. Nearly each and every movement of human history up until this point in time had moved humanity closer and closer to technological development, scientific discovery, industrial change, and a litany of other factors. Within such an understanding, the reader can come to the clear and definitive understanding of the fact that deism was ultimately borne out of the zeitgeist that was experienced during this unique era in human history. From a definitive standpoint, deis m is ultimately the belief that reason and observation alone are in and of themselves sufficient to determine whether or not God/gods exist (s). Furthermore, deism sought to reject prior norms that have long been accepted within Europe and the remainder of the world; namely the belief that revelation in and of itself could be utilized as a type of authority for knowledge, the belief and understanding that the divine regularly integrated with the human, the belief that Scripture was ultimately flawless, the belief in miracles, and many other standbys that had traditionally been understood by Christianity of various denominations to define the way in which God interacted with his creation. As is so prone to occur with religious interpretations and ideologies, deism soon came to be a way in which sociological factors of interpersonal and governmental relationships were determined. What is meant by this is that the Age of Enlightenment was a tumultuous period in world history in which t he constraints of both government and church were shocked in favor of reason and the human accrual of knowledge. It should not be understood by any means that this level of scientific and exploratory knowledge seeking is in and of itself bad. Ultimately, the spirit that gave rise to deism is the same one that helps to develop modern

Your Life Chances And Opportunities

Your Life Chances And Opportunities The likelihood of a child succeeding in life is still largely determined by their familys income and social position. The social circumstances that children are born into can still have major effects on future outcomes and these must be identified in order to enhance Britains goal of equality for all. This essay will begin by introducing the debates which centre on this topic. It will then go on to examine four key domains which affect a Childs future life chances: family income, education, class status and family background and the impact these have on future life chances and outcome before concluding on the topic. The concept of life chances was originally introduced by Max Weber who believed that factors such as low, economic position, status and power were interlinked and together presented the problem of poorer life chances in the future. In current literature life chances signifies the opportunities which are available for people to improve there quality of life in the future for example access to quality education. The importance of parents influences on there childs subsequent achievemnts and therefore there life chances is illustrated by Keane and Wolpin (1997) who found that 90% of the variation in lifetime chances and welfare can be attributed to the inequality in skills at age 16, which suggests that a chuilds life chances is mostly related to the social circumstances and decisions of there parents from birth to the age of 16 This could be directly: well educated parents, all things being equal, will probably provide a more intellectually stimulating home-life than those parents who left school early. Other influences will be indirect: better-educated parents may have higher than average incomes and hence be able to finance educational excursions, or in other ways to provide life enhancing experiences for their offspring. some of these additional opportunities will be cumulative, reinforcing other positive characteristics, while others may serve to compensate for some forms of disadvantage. Some people believe that it is strictly genes that affect our opportunities in life. Research focusing on the causal relationship between genes and subsequent IQ, range from 0 to 80% this provides inconsistent results. Recent research, has suggested that genetic and environmental factors are not distinct determinants of intelligence and life chances. Instead it is the interaction between these two factors which gives rise to a childs intelligence levels. The role that nurture has to play in developing intelligence is clearly demonstrated from data published by Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children. The data suggested that the social circumstances of the family influenced future educational attainment. Those children brought up in families with low Socio-economic Status (SES) with attainment levels ranked as low, at 22 months, were also prone to have low attainment at age ten. On the other hand those children from a high SES background were as likely to sho w high attainment at age ten, even if their attainment was ranked low at 22 months. This data suggests that it is nurture and the social circumstances of the family which influences the future chances of these children and not their initial genetic abilities. Mayer notes that children who are born into low income parents also seem to have less success than those parents who have more money. Children from low income families also tend to score lower on measurers of cognitive ability, more likely to drop put of school, to have behavioural problems and essentially earn less in later life. This is drastically demonstrated in a 1970 British cohort survey showing that at age 26 young adults experience an earnings penalty of 9% if they were brought up in a household with an income below half the average (after controlling for educational attainment) therefore this suggests that young people from poor backgrounds are disproportionately observed at the lower end of the earnings distribution when they are in work. Further research in the US by Isaac (2007) which focused on the intergenerational aspect of income focusing on families economic position and how this is influenced by that of there parents: He found that of the children born to parents i n the bottom fifth of the economic distribution, 42 percent remain in this section as adults with only 23 percent rising to the second fifth, meanwhile 32% of children born to parents at the top of the income distribution remain at the top, with only 23 percent moving downwards to the second fifth. From this research alone it is clear to see that a parents income is influencing there childrens future income opportunities. One possible reason for this difference is that of social class. The role of SES is well-documented in the literature concerning life chances. Using the National Child Development Stufies and the British Cohort study, Carneiro et al (2007) and Blanden et al (2006) illustrated that there is clearly a strong relationship between a childs social and cognitive abilities and their parents SES. This has been demonstrated by Fienstein (2003) who found that those children who were originally brought up in low socio economic status background who scored poorly on cognitive tests at an early age were more likely to remain with low scores as they progressed through the life course, however those children from a higher socio economic status with lowe scores were much more likely to catch up. These results from the NCDS and the BCS do allow for informative feedback However in order to test the validity of these findings it is very important that these relationships are tested throughout generations. This recent research has been carried out by Sylva et al (2007) who analysed data from a recent programme the Effective Pre-School and Primary Education (EPPE) programme which aimed to test childrens cognitive attainment (reading and mathematics) from that age of three to the end of Key Stage 2. This study illustrated that even in recent times the socio economic status of parents is ti ll having huge influences on there childrens mathematics and reading skills from the age of three to then end of key stage 2. This data shows that there is a clear relationship between the SES of parents and the subsequent development and life outcome of there children. Families with a low socioeconomic status very often lack the required social, financial and educational supports that typify families with high socioeconomic statuss. Those families from poor backgrounds are also likely to have inadequate access to resources within the community that promote and support childrens development and school readiness. Education plays a major role in helping children to acquire the skills required for acquiring jobs, at the same time as introducing specific virtues that stratify people from high SES to lower SES. It is one of the most influential factors in demolishing intergenerational characteristics and there are strong patterns between socio economic status and educational achievement The study by the Sutton trust report (2002) found that of the richest fifth of the population 44% of young people had a degree, compared with only 10% from the poorest fifth. Those from high income groups are still over four times as likely to graduate as those from low income groups. These inequalities in degree acquirement persist across diverse income groups, The social economic status of a family can affect children in various one way in which it affects the future outcomes of children is that of social capital, this refers to the social connections and attendant norms and values, including aspirations Families are a key foundation for social capital. Those middle class families are likely to have greater access to social capital than working class families: the social networks of the middle class tend to be more diverse than those of the working class. In particular the middle class have more extensive weak ties with e.g. former colleagues, acquaintances and friends of friends. middle class parents can give their children access to these networks of weak ties and associated information and other support. middle class children have further opportunities to develop social networks at university and elsewhere Students from low SES backgrounds who attend poorly funded schools do not perform as well as those from a high SES. Seyfried (1998) stated that low SES students tend to score up to 10% lower on the national assessment of educational programs than those students from Higher SES. This difference has been explained by Eamon (2005) as the low SES of these families prevents access to quality and essential resources which subsequently leads to stress and conflicts within the home this inevitably affects a Childs ability to perform well in educational settings. The relationship between educational attainment and SES also holds for secondary school students. Bradley and Taylor (2004) analyse Youth Cohort Studies data and find that young people whose parents are in highly skilled (particularly professional) occupations are more likely to obtain good exam results than young people whose parents have lower skill levels. The role models and influences of the home are significant and Berliner (2005) attempts to point out that SES is a much larger problem than people like to think. Arguing that socio economic status is just one aspects of a long list of integrated and intergenerational effects this can have on the family and the individual. The social circumstances at home are a huge predicator of later life chances. One key factor which is influencing achievements is the huge changes in family structure over recent years. Increasing numbers of children are being brought up in step families or in lone parent families. And althouh the key factor in developing to the best potential is the family loving environment, this increase kin lone parents is increasing the likelihood of poverty in the future. (Cabinet Office) In the United Kingdom, there are 5.9 million single parents as of 2005, with 3.1 million children At-home good parenting has a bigger effect on childrens achievement at primary level than differences in quality of schools, evident across all social classes and all ethnic groups. Evidence from Demo and Acock (1991) suggests that children from mother only families seem to experience various disadvantages such as higher truancy rates, lower levels of education and more delinquent activity. All of these factors are likely to effect them in the short term and more problematically in the long term effecting there life long chances Emrish and Francesconi carried out a study into the affect of single parenthoods on future outcomes. Almost two in five of the young adults had spent a period of time in a single-parent family. These children tended to obtain poorer educational attainments especially young men.The study found that among men, the probability of children from single parent families is 18% compared to that of a 22% chance for those living in an in tact family. One of the most influential reasons for this was that single-parent-families tended to have fewer economic resources available. This difference wasnt as high for females and this identifies the differences which need to be considered. A further social circumstance of those who live in high SES backgrounds is that they are more likely to have parents who themselves went through to higher education. There exists considerable evidence for the inter-generational effects of parents education on children. Feinstein (1999) stratifies children based on their parents educational qualifications and assesses their progress over time. He uses the BCS and finds that: Children whose parents both have at least A-levels are 14 percentage points higher in the distribution of test outcomes measured at the age of 22 months than those whose parents have no qualifications, and seven percentage points higher than those whose parents are in the middle education group (who have some qualifications, but do not both have A-Levels or higher). Although it seems as though social circumstances of the family have a huge impact on the life course and life chances of an individual. It is important to understand that Individuals do have the freedom to act on their own choices and free will. It is true that people can make a decision to do something whatever way there societal circumstances have been guiding them. One very interesting concept is how some individuals react to the adversity that they face in social circumstances from birth. Resilience means the strategies that people use to cope with adversities, such as income poverty, violent conflict, class differences and education inequalities. There has been a range of research investigating whether these poor social circumstances that children are born into can be overcome in the future. Research into resilience has identified a range pof individual attributes and social contexts associated with high levels of resilience in children throughout there life course with various levels including individual level, level of relationships and community resources. Although there are social circumstances which can put children at high risk of certain life outcomes at birth it can be argues that with the correct relationships and support these can be overcome to intervene in the intergenerational concept. (Masten 1994; Masten, Best and Garmezy 1990) . Some individuals appear to thrive despite sharing the characteristics and conditions of high risk inequalities(e.g., Anthony 1987; Rutter 1985; Werner and Smith 2001 Bernard (2004) analysed research into this matter looking at both qualitative and quantitative research and found that children consistently manage to overcome the social adversities they are presented with in the family and go on to lead positive lives. Most research into this area suggests that on average 70 to 75% of children who seem at risk of intergenerational affects tackle these and go on to lead healthy and positive lives. (Bernard 2004). One study by Werner and Smith (1982) followed a group of 700 children born in Kauai (Hawaii) in 1995 using a longitudinal study. With data collected at six different ages, showed that despite having been challenged with a variety of high risk factors as they grow up they still went on to achieve positive outcomes in adulthood. From the research in this area it is important to understand that there are always individual differences in the way people go on to lead there life course, independent of the social circumstances to which they were born into. Therefore life chances are in part affected by the social circumstances to which you are born into and these circumstances are likely to present risk factors for future achievement however there is always a degree of choice and independence in overcoming the intergenerational affects. McCall, R.B., Owens, E. B. (1996 ). Resilient children: Factors that protect against psychosocial stressors. Developments, 10, 4 (December 1996), 5-10. University of Pittsburgh Office of Child Development. J Ermisch and M Francesconi, Family Matters, Discussion Paper No. 1591, February 1997 single parenbthoss

Symbolism in A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor Essay

in "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" Flannery O' Connor uses symbolism to give more meaning to her short story. O'Connor writes a story of a Grandmother versus a Misfit, or good versus evil. This short story is about a family going to Florida, who takes a turn down a dirt road, which only causes them to get in an accident, and be found by the Misfit. This encounter prevented them from ever arriving Florida, because the Misfit ends their lives. Using symbolism, O'Connor creates a story with much meaning to the Grandmother, nature, sky, woods, their surroundings, roads, and cars to portray the constant battle between good and evil. In "A Good Man is Hard to Find" the Grandmother is a main character that symbolizes a savior. O' Connor describes the Grandmother as a savior with grace, who is saving the Misfit from evil. ." O’Connor determinues that the Grandmother shall be the Misfit’s savior, even though she may not seem so in the story† (Bandy, 151). She reaches out to the Misfit with a "touch of grace" because she is portrayed as the "good character" in the story. The Grandmothers purpose is trying to save the Misfit, or the "evil character." At the end of the story, when she was talking to the Misfit after she realized that he was going to kill her she murmurs, "'Why you're one of my own babies. You're one of my own children!' She reaches out and touches him on the shoulder. The Misfit sprang back as if a snake had bitten him and shot her three times through the chest" (O'Connor). Here the significance is that the Misfit was offered grace from the Grandmother, but denies it. â€Å"When the Misfit shoots the grandmother he is recoiling from whatever grace she offers. He is rejecting not just any warmth conveyed in the touch, but also th... ...993. 31-51. Print. Martin, Carter. "'The Meanest of Them Sparkled'" Beauty and Landscape in Flannery O'Connor's Fiction" Women Writers Texts and Contexts. By Flannery O'Connor. Ed. Frederick Asals. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1993. 127-137. Print. Excerpt from Realist of Distances:Flannery O'Connor Revisited. Ed. Karl-Heinz Westarp and Jan Nordby Gretlund. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press, 1987. 147- 159. Prunty, Wyatt. â€Å"’The Figure of Vacancy.’† Shenandoah 46.3 (1996): 38-55. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Janet Witalec. Vol. 61. Farmington Hill: Gale Group, 2003. 151-159. Print. Raiger, Michael. â€Å"’’Large and Startling Figures’: The Grotesque and the Sublime in the Short Stories of Flannery O’Connor.’† Seeing into the Life of Things: Essays on Literature and Religious Experience (1998): 242-70. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Janet Witalec. Symbolism in A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O'Connor Essay in "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" Flannery O' Connor uses symbolism to give more meaning to her short story. O'Connor writes a story of a Grandmother versus a Misfit, or good versus evil. This short story is about a family going to Florida, who takes a turn down a dirt road, which only causes them to get in an accident, and be found by the Misfit. This encounter prevented them from ever arriving Florida, because the Misfit ends their lives. Using symbolism, O'Connor creates a story with much meaning to the Grandmother, nature, sky, woods, their surroundings, roads, and cars to portray the constant battle between good and evil. In "A Good Man is Hard to Find" the Grandmother is a main character that symbolizes a savior. O' Connor describes the Grandmother as a savior with grace, who is saving the Misfit from evil. ." O’Connor determinues that the Grandmother shall be the Misfit’s savior, even though she may not seem so in the story† (Bandy, 151). She reaches out to the Misfit with a "touch of grace" because she is portrayed as the "good character" in the story. The Grandmothers purpose is trying to save the Misfit, or the "evil character." At the end of the story, when she was talking to the Misfit after she realized that he was going to kill her she murmurs, "'Why you're one of my own babies. You're one of my own children!' She reaches out and touches him on the shoulder. The Misfit sprang back as if a snake had bitten him and shot her three times through the chest" (O'Connor). Here the significance is that the Misfit was offered grace from the Grandmother, but denies it. â€Å"When the Misfit shoots the grandmother he is recoiling from whatever grace she offers. He is rejecting not just any warmth conveyed in the touch, but also th... ...993. 31-51. Print. Martin, Carter. "'The Meanest of Them Sparkled'" Beauty and Landscape in Flannery O'Connor's Fiction" Women Writers Texts and Contexts. By Flannery O'Connor. Ed. Frederick Asals. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1993. 127-137. Print. Excerpt from Realist of Distances:Flannery O'Connor Revisited. Ed. Karl-Heinz Westarp and Jan Nordby Gretlund. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press, 1987. 147- 159. Prunty, Wyatt. â€Å"’The Figure of Vacancy.’† Shenandoah 46.3 (1996): 38-55. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Janet Witalec. Vol. 61. Farmington Hill: Gale Group, 2003. 151-159. Print. Raiger, Michael. â€Å"’’Large and Startling Figures’: The Grotesque and the Sublime in the Short Stories of Flannery O’Connor.’† Seeing into the Life of Things: Essays on Literature and Religious Experience (1998): 242-70. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Janet Witalec.

Analysis of Zora Neale Hurston’s Spunk Essay

Zora Neale Hurston’s use of language in her short story Spunk allows the reader to become part of the community in which this story takes place. The story is told from the point of view of the characters, and Hurston writes the dialogue in their broken English dialect. Although the language is somewhat difficult to understand initially, it adds to the mystique of the story. Spunk is a story about a man that steals another man’s wife, kills the woman’s husband and then he ends up dying from an accident at the saw mill. Spunk believed that it was Lena’s husband, Joe Kanty, who shoved him into the circular saw, and the people in the village agreed that Joe Kanty had come back to get revenge. The language used by the characters helps to establish the setting of the story and gives the reader an understanding of why voodoo is a plausible explanation for the outcome. â€Å"Looka theah folkses!† is what Elijah Mosley states to the others in the store. This is the first indication that the characters in this short story are not the most educated, and are probably from some small backwoods town. We quickly get confirmation of this when we learn that he is alerting them that Spunk Banks, a giant, brown-skinned man, â€Å"who aint skeered of nothin’ on God’s green footstool†, is sauntering up the one street in the village, with a small pretty woman clinging lovingly to his arm. Clearly, the store is where people hang out, and everyone knows that the woman with Spunk is Lena Kanty, Joe’s wife. Coming from a large city, I would not expect everyone to know each other, so seeing a couple walking down the street would not be significant to me. In this context however, I understand that something is not right and trouble is coming. When Joe walked in to the store, the talking ceased; the men looked at each other and winked. â€Å"Say, Joe, how’s everything up yo’ way? How’s yo’ wife?† asked Elijah. Spoken like a friend, but it is clear that he is trying to start some mess. â€Å"Aw â€Å"Lige, you oughtn’t to do nothin’ like that† Walter grumbled. This dialogue makes the conflict between Spunk and Joe very clear. Not only does Joe know that his wife is going out with Spunk, but everybody in the town knows. This is a brilliant way to draw the reader into the story; we feel bad for Joe. His pride is at stake and he has no alternative but to take some action against Spunk. Joe knows that his razor is no match for Spunk’s gun, but his back is against the wall. He is the laughing stock of the town because Spunk has made a fool of him. â€Å"Well,† Spunk announced calmly, â€Å"Joe come out there wid  a meatax an’ made me kill him.† The men glared at Elijah, accusingly. His words had pushed Joe to do something and Spunk had killed him. Now that Joe was dead, the expectation would be for Spunk and Lena to move forward with their relationship. â€Å"Joe’s death was a clear case of self defense, the trial was a short one, and Spunk walked out of the court house to freedom again†. Spunk was free, but now the excitement begins. Zora Neale Hurston uses symbolism to introduce the reader to the world of voodoo. Hurston had visited Haiti and Jamaica in the 1930s and had become very interested in the practice of voodoo. Elijah tells us in the story that Spunk sees a black bob-cat that â€Å"looked him in the eye, an’ howled right at him†. The thing got Spunk so nervoused up he couldn’t shoot. Spunk says it was Joe done sneaked back from Hell!† Later in the story, Elijah tells us that Spunk dies from being cut by the saw and Spunk believed that Joe had pushed him in the back. Elijah believed it too. Revenge is a powerful emotion and in this story, it is the best explanation for Spunk’s death. Based on the dynamics of the town, everyone believed it to be possible that Joe caused Spunk’s death. Because they believed it, I believed it. It is their world. Zora Neal Hurston was criticized by other African American writers for her use of dialect and folk speech. Richard Wright was one of her harshest critics and likened Hurston’s technique â€Å"to that of a minstrel show designed to appease a white audience† (www.pbs.org).Given the time frame, the Harlem Renaissance, it is understandable that Zora Neale Hurston may be criticized. The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement which redefined how America, and the world, viewed African Americans, so her folk speech could be seen as perpetuating main stream society’s view of African Americans as ignorant and incapable of speaking in complete sentences. However, others, such as philosopher and critic Alain Locke, praised her. He considered Hurston’s â€Å"gift for poetic phrase and rare dialect, a welcome replacement for so much faulty local color fiction about Negroes† (www.pbs.org). The language in this short story allowed the reader to enter this community and gain an understanding of their world.

Air Pollution and Climatic Changes Essay Example

Air Pollution and Climatic Changes Essay Example Air Pollution and Climatic Changes Essay Air Pollution and Climatic Changes Essay Air pollution is really the add-on of any harmful substances to the ambiance. which causes the damaging of the environment. human wellness and the quality of life. Air pollution has been a serious job throughout the history. This can hold series consequence on the wellness of human existences. Every twenty-four hours. the mean individual inhales about 20. 000 litres of air. Every clip when we breathe in we inhale unsafe substances. These unsafe substances can be in the signifier of gases or atoms. Beginnings of Air pollution: Natural beginning Artificial beginning Natural beginnings: Natural air pollution does non happen in copiousness and besides possesses small menace to wellness of the peoples and ecosystem. Volcanic eruptions. Forest fires. Biological decay of organic affairs are some of the natural causes of air pollution. Artificial beginnings: The adult male made grounds for air pollution are vehicular emanation. combustion of waste merchandises. thermic power workss. industries and refineries. Vehicular emanations are responsible for 70 % of the country’s air pollution. * Bharat phase 1 to 4 emanation norms are emission criterions that focus on modulating pollutants released by cars. Most sulphur dioxide comes from power workss that use coal as their fuel. Automobiles produce about half of the N oxide. When wood. family refuse. plastic. or foliages are burned. they produce fume and release toxic gases. The fume contains bluess and solid compounds suspended in the air called particulate affair. The particulate affair and toxic gases released during combustion can be really annoying to people’s wellness. Peoples who are exposed to these air pollutants can see oculus and nose annoyance. take a breathing trouble. coughing. and concerns. Peoples with bosom disease. asthma. emphysema. or other respiratory diseases are particularly sensitive to air pollutants Major air pollutants: Sulphur oxide Nitrogen oxide Carbonmono oxide Decomposition of organic affairs. * India emits the 5th most C of any state in the universe. * The Bhopal gas calamity is one of the world’s worst industrial catastrophes that killed about 8. 000 people in December 1984. Air pollution can adversely impact human wellness non merely by direct inspiration but indirectly by other paths through H2O. nutrient and tegument infections. Health jeopardies due to air pollution: Cardio vascular diseases Asthma Bronchitis Allergies Lung and bosom diseases. Consequences of Air pollution: 1. Ozone bed depletion 2. Global heating ( Greenhouse consequence ) 3. Acid Rain 4. Smog Ozone bed depletion The ambiance contains a thin bed of ozone about 24 to 40 Km above earth’s surface which protects us from harmful ultraviolet beams of the Sun. The release of chemicals such as CFC widely used in iceboxs has damaged the ozone beds. Ozone monitoring Stationss in Antarctica have already detected mean loss of 30 % to 40 % of entire ozone over the part. Each one per centum loss of ozone is to do an addition of approximately 2 % in UV Radiation. This will cut down the unsusceptibility of the organic structure and cause oculus cataracts and skin malignant neoplastic disease. For the protection of ozone bed. Montreal protocol and Vienna meet of 30 states universe broad agreed to cut down the usage of Chlorofluorocarbons. Global heating Global heating is caused by addition of nursery gases such as carbon-di-oxide. methane. H2O vapor. Chlorofluorocarbons which are responsible for the heat keeping ability of the ambiance. The rapid addition in mean temperature of Earth will do major alterations in conditions form all over the universe. Rise in planetary temperature. will besides ensue in the thaw of polar ice caps glaciers. This in bend will raise the sea degree. Land usage alterations will happen in coastal countries due to sea degree rise. It will do harm to coastal constructions. station installations and H2O direction systems. Global heating besides affects the agricultural forms. Intense tropical cyclone activity has increased in the North Atlantic since about 1970 Heat moving ridges have become more frequent over most land countries. More intense and longer drouths have been observed over wider countries since the 1970s. peculiarly in the Torrid Zones and semitropicss If ocean temperature additions. growing of coral reefs will be affected. The corals control the proportion of C dioxide in H2O by turning them in to limestone shell. Furthermore. coral reefs grow in temperature merely above 10 degree Celsius. Other ecosystems such as woods and desert will besides be harmed. Loss of bio-diversity and extinction of rare species will happen. Acerb Rain: Acid rain was foremost discovered in 1852. This is one of the most of import environmental jobs. caused by indivisible gas given out by cars or coal combustion by power workss. The gases that cause the acid rain are sulphur- di-oxide and nitrogen oxides. Fire and bacterial decomposition are the natural causes which increases N oxide in air. These pollutants combine with H2O vapor in the presence of sunshine and O and signifiers dilute sulfuric and azotic acids. When these mixture precipitates from the ambiance. it is called acid rain. Acid rain falls down to the Earth in all signifiers of precipitation. Sourness in the rain can harm and even destruct both natural ecosystems and semisynthetic merchandises. Acid rains. when falling on oceans. make the coral reefs. This has killed more than 70 % of corals in Lakshadweep and Andaman islands. They besides change the sourness degree of the dirt by leaching important foods. Thus it affects forest flora. The most basic microscopic beings such as plankton may non be able to last. So the sea animate beings depending on planktons will decease and the nutrient concatenation will be affected. Smog: The word smog is a combination of the words fume and fog. Smog causes a smoky dark atmosphere. particularly over metropoliss. it decreases visibleness. and creates regards throughout the country. Smog is caused by many factors. major manufacturers of smog include cars. fires. waste intervention. industries. etc. The articulates present in smog include C monoxide. soil. dust. The smog consequence is created when sunshine. hydrocarbons. N oxide are assorted together smog creates harmful wellness jeopardies like lung failure and pneumonia. Smog is non merely a metropolis job. As smog degree additions. air current carry smog off from urban countries and injury other countries excessively. Agribusiness is besides affected by smog.

Strategies firms can use when entering foreign markets

Strategies firms can use when entering foreign markets Foreign manufacturing: Under certain conditions, many organizations find it inappropriate to distribute their domestic products to foreign markets. Transporting large products is always expensive hence many companies produce their products close to the market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategies firms can use when entering foreign markets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, custom charges can also make the products to be less competitive. A country’s preference for their locally produced goods can prevent an organization from entering a foreign market (Benjamin, 2006). Other factors like availability of ready market, less production costs and financial motivation can make a business organization produce its products in the foreign market. Assembling: This is the cooperation between exporting and foreign production. Organizations locally produce components of its products and transport them t o foreign markets where they are assembled as a final product. This strategy is cost effective as companies will spend less money in transporting the components and paying for the custom tariffs. Moreover, local workers can be used to ease the amalgamation of companies in the foreign market. Licensing: This is another appropriate strategy used by a number of companies when entering a foreign market. The strategy is not only considered to be less risky, but also involves larger tasks for domestic producers. There is a slight difference between licensing and franchising. In franchising, companies tend to take part in the development and management of the marketing plan. A global licensing firm provides the licensee with patent rights on goods. Consequently, the licensee will be able to manufacture the licensor’s products and market them within a given boundary (Yenne, 2005). Foreign public authorities prefer this type of agreement since it comes with a number of technological a dvancements into their country. Conversely, this strategy can only work for a short duration of time because many foreign companies tend to start their own production after obtaining the know-how. Joint ventures: Foreign joint ventures are similar to licensing except that most of the international companies in joint ventures are involved in the management of foreign firms. When a foreign company forms partnership with the home-country firm, a new organization is always formed. Therefore, international companies are not only able to manage their operations, but also obtain important information on the local market. In addition, an international company will not be at risk of being taken.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strategy used by Intel in their global expansion Intel is an international company with its headquarters in America. Besides, the company is conside red to be one of the leading producers of motherboard chipset around the world. Intel Corporation used joint venture strategy to enter into various foreign markets. For instance, the company was able to form a joint business enterprise (IM Flash Technologies) with Micron Technology. IM Flash Technologies produces flash memories which can be used as detachable storages (Alkhafaji, 2001). Consequently, this provided them with a wider market. They are also able to effectively compete in the local and international market with other companies producing similar products. Strategy used by McDonalds in their global expansion McDonalds majorly used franchising strategy to enter into foreign markets. Therefore, they have managed to expand their operations to approximately 120 countries globally. The company has set up policies which the franchisees are expected to obey in their restaurant management. For instance, McDonalds expect their franchisees to follow their menu, cooking techniques an d staffing rules respectively. Consequently, this forms a large section of McDonalds successful strategy. They have also reduced their operational costs while maximizing their profits. Strategy used by Goya Goya is a food producing company with branches in many countries including America and Spain. It uses foreign manufacturing strategy to enter into the competitive local and international markets. Therefore, they have been able to reduce their transportation costs thus making a lot of profit (Miltenburg, 2005). For instance, they had previously constructed a multimillion distribution center in Doral (Florida). From here, they are able to manufacture their products and distribute them locally to their customers. Strategy used by Boeing Boeing is an international aerospace and defense company. This company used joint venture strategy to enter in various foreign markets. Together with Aviation Industries Corporation, they formed Tianjin Composites Company. Consequently, they have obt ained important information regarding china’s local market. Strategy used by Coca-Cola Company Coca-cola Company used assembling strategy during their global expansion. The company transports some of their unfinished products like syrup to foreign markets. Therefore, the rest of the work (manufacture of containers and addition of water) is done by local bottle companies (Tielmann, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategies firms can use when entering foreign markets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strategy used by Nokia in their global expansion Nokia succeeded in venturing into foreign market through the application of assembling strategy. The company has assembly plants in various countries including Finland and Mexico. Nokia and Siemens also used a joint venture strategy to enter into foreign markets. For instance, they were able to form Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN) as their joint business enterpr ise. Company which has experienced an evolution of strategies Coca-Cola Company has experienced an advancement of strategies since it started its expansion into the foreign market. Due to high demand, the company decided to change from assembling strategy to foreign manufacturing strategy. Instead of transporting their unfinished products, Coca-Cola Company has set up firms in various countries where they are able to manufacture their own products. Consequently, this was done to reduce high transport costs. References Alkhafaji, A. F. (2001). Corporate transformation and restructuring: A strategic approach. Westport, Conn: Quorum Books. Benjamin, L. K. (2006). Market entry strategies of foreign Telecom companies in India. Wiesbaden: Dt. Univ. Verl. Miltenburg, J. (2005). Manufacturing strategy: How to formulate and implement a winning plan. New York: Productivity Press. Tielmann, V. (2010). Market Entry Strategies: International Marketing Management. München: GRIN Verlag GmbH. Y enne, B. (2005). The story of the Boeing company. St. Paul, MN: Zenith Press.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Company Law and its results Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Company Law and its results - Case Study Example In this case Jamal is not only the director but also is the shareholder of the company. The intended resolution brought by Jamal relating to payment of dividend and his dislike on the style of management reflects the oppression of the minority by the majority represented by Boss and Harris. As has been decided in the above case, when a wrong is committed to a company, only the company is the proper person to bring an action for damage. Since the directors control the company and it is the directors whose conduct is the issue now, only the shareholders have to bring an action in the name of the company. There are certain rules established in the case of Foss v Harbottle. They are: 2. The second rule relates to 'internal management' of the company where the action complained of is something which the majority is entitled to then the action for legal remedy can be brought by the majority only. Relevant cases are: Jamal may not be in a position to bring any action against the remaining directors as the company is the only proper person for taking action against the directors. According to the second rule laid down in Foss v Harbottle since Boss and Harris represent the majority, only they are entitled to bring action if any for remedy. The complaint from Jamal does not fall within the exceptions to the rule laid down in Foss v harbottle as there is no apparent fraud committed by Harris and Boss representing the majority. Issue 2: Resolution brought by Boss and Harris for the removal of Jamal as a director Answer: It is possible that a company by ordinary resolution remove a director before the end of his period of office. Such an action may be brought under section 303 of the Companies Act 1985 notwithstanding anything contained in the Articles of Association of the company or anything contained in any agreement between the company and the director. The removal of a director under section 303 will not deprive the director of his right for compensation or damages payable in respect of the termination of his appointment as director. The director will also be entitled to his right of compensation in respect of the termination of any other appointment. It is obligatory for the company to issue a special notice of the resolution intended to be passed in the general meeting for the removal of a director or to appoint another in the place of the director removed at the meeting in which the director is so removed. Under section 304 on receipt of the notice of an intended resolution to remove a director under

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 100

Assignment Example In the Andean groups extended their kingdom by creating an overarching political state and integrating its empire into a single order to secure its subjects and increase area for natural resources. The Anasazi, Mesoamerica, developed an economy on beans, squash, and maize. Their success in adapting these crops allowed the formation of large villages and resulted into vast cultural life in underground buildings known as kivas. Inca constructed roads that facilitated military troop movements, trade, and administration. Mesopotamia is considered the cradle of civilization; it was the located in the Fertile Crescent. Mesopotamia was located at convergence of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers that produced fertile soils; hence, irrigation was practiced. Sumerian came up with cuneiform script for communication. Egyptians started an agricultural economy with centralized society. Egyptian states had urban development and monarchies. Egyptians are recognized for surgery, barge transport, and mathematics. In addition, they are widely known as their pyramids. The Harappan civilization is credited with the introduction of decimal fractions. Small societies were nomadic in nature while vast empires settled along riverbanks on the same land hence showed the concept of ownership. Large empires increased their security since they were located at the same point from other small societies. Large empires encouraged specialization for example artisan, craftsmen, traders, and farmers who produce surpluses; small communities did not support these activities. Governments came in place to maintain specialized labor and surpluses production in agriculture, and to maintain the new culture. The government provided services like roads to the merchants, unified people in villages. These governments started taxing in form of surplus from farmers. Belief systems were created in order to bring order into the society because of political